Turkish is a member of the Turkic language family and originated in Central Asia. The early Turkic tribes were nomads who began to migrate westwards from the 6th century AD, eventually settling in the area of modern-day Turkey.
The earliest known Turkic inscriptions date back to the 8th century AD, and were found in the Orkhon Valley in Mongolia. These inscriptions were written in the Old Turkic language and used a runic script.
Over time, the Turkish language was influenced by Arabic and Persian, due to the spread of Islam in the region. During the Ottoman Empire, Turkish became the official language and was used for administration, literature, and communication.
In the 1920s, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk instituted language reforms that sought to modernize and simplify the Turkish language. This included introducing a new Latin-based alphabet to replace the old Arabic script, and eliminating many Arabic and Persian loanwords from the language.
Today, Turkish is spoken by around 80 million people, primarily in Turkey but also in Cyprus, Germany, and other countries with significant Turkish communities.
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